ponu¹ that, close to or associated with you: 2nd-degree demonstrative, [...]

Part of Speech	deictic
Phonetic Form	ponu
Variant Form(s)	pon
Tanema Equivalent	pa, pade
Lovono Equivalent	pae

1. • that, close to or associated with you: 2nd-degree demonstrative, anchored on the addressee

   • • Example 165:
       

       Kape u-ali pele po a-labu ponu?

       Will you be casting that net you're holding?

     • Example 1018:
       

       U-wai ebele u-ka pon etapu!

       Don't shake your body like that!

     • Example 2040:
       

       Awis pine peini ngatene pe a-la ponu.

       Thank you for your efforts. [lit. for those things you did]

     • Example 2121:
       

       ne utele vewo pine ponu

       by that big chestnut tree over there

     • Example 2122:
       

       U-le pon etapu!

       Don't go there! (where you're about to go)

       Example URL

       https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003352#S58

     • Example 2123:
       

       nga pon

       like that, like you're doing

2. • that, mentioned by you or in our dialogue. Points to an easily retrievable referent

   • • Example 1026:
       

       Pon kaiawo tae, ova revo.

       That's not smoke, that's steam.

     • Example 1141:
       

       Li-kila temaka pon li-ko “Moe ma Tadoe”.

       That place is called “Devils' Lair”.

     • Example 2124:
       

       Basavono pon ene mamote apali.

       At that time [you're talking about], I was still a child.

     • Example 2125:
       

       Okoro 'naka pon i-wene vele?

       So where's that knife of mine (we're talking about)?

     • Example 2126:
       

       Ponu nganae pine ponu? Pon tadoe? Pon tepakola?

       What's that giant creature? Is that a god? Is that a giant?

       Example URL

       https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003351#S161

3. • definite determiner, referring either to discourse or to shared knowledge
   • • Gram

   Sense Comment

   hence

   • • Example 1627:
       

       Mwasu ponu, ini mwaliko pe i-metei dapa ne ini tae.

       That Mwasu was a person who felt no shame with his relatives.

       Example URL

       https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003352#S43

     • Example 2027:
       

       Ini i-papa men' iap' pon la-ke.

       She took her baby on her back and out they went.

     • Example 2127:
       

       Emele pon i-mene i-te i-etengi.

       The girl refused, and then she sat crying.

       Example Comment

       in narrative

       Example URL

       https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003352#S74

4. • noun-phrase topicalizer
   • • Gram

   Sense Comment

   hence

   • • Example 585:
       

       Dero ponu, vilo pe emele i-ve.

       The kauri is a tree that was first born out of a woman.

       Example Comment

       myth

       Example URL

       https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003353#S34

     • Example 678:
       

       Voko iote pon li-re ne elene Lege ponu.

       There was once a large stone down there, in the clearing known as Lengge.

     • Example 883:
       

       N-atevo iepiene amjaka peini Laperus. Iepiene pon na, ni-lengi tev' et' one.

       I'll tell a short story about Lapérouse. This story, I heard it from my mother.

     • Example 1470:
       

       Toñaki ie Laperus ponu, ae, tepakare. Lovia tilu, ne?

       Lapérouse's ship, you know, it was a catamaran. With two sections, you see?

     • Example 2128:
       

       Uña ngatene pon na pe vele?

       All those things, where do they come from?

5. • clause topicalizer: marks a clause as backgrounded, before introducing a foregrounded main clause; hence ‘since X…, Y’, or ‘as X…, Y’, or ‘X…, then Y’
   • • Disc

   • • Example 1521:
       

       Ka i-mamei ponu ka i-maliawo ka i-wene teve.

       As she was feeling cold, she lit a fire and lied down beside it.

       Example URL

       https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003353#S13

     • Example 1818:
       

       Voko i-te ponu ra ka i-vagasi nanana.

       The stone has been there until this day.

     • Example 2129:
       

       Ka vitoko pe la-koie ponu la-lengi dapa.

       As they were about to land, they heard some voices.

       Example URL

       https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003351#S27

Related entries

• Heterosemes:
  • ponu² then, so
  • ponu³ that's it; right!
• Is Part of:
  • awoiu pon then, after that
• Subentry:
  • po¹ shorter form of ponu ‘that’, always clause-medial
  • pon that